Type-writing machine.



Nu. 666,|76. Patented Jan. I5, I901. G. 0. BLICKENSDERFEB. TYPE WRITINGMACHINE (Application filed Jan. 3.1900.)

8 Sheats-Sheet I.

(No Model.)

RQN @w x QQN No. fi66,l76. Patented Ian. l5, I901.

G. C. BLICKENSDERFEB.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

(Application filed Jan. 3. 1900.)

(No Model.) 8 Shoots-Sheet 2.

Nu. 666,l76. Patented Jan. l5, l90l. G. C. BLICKENSDERFER.

TYPE WRITINfi MACHINE.

(Application filed Jan. 3, 900-) (No Model.) 8 Sheats-Sheet 3.

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No. 666,576. Patented Ian. [5, l90l. G. C. BLICKENSDERFER.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE. (Application filed nn. 3. 1900.

("0 Model.) 8 Shanty-Sheet 4 N0. 666,]76. Patented Ian. l5, 190i. G. C.BLICKENSDERFER.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

(Application filed Jan 3. 1900) B Sheets-Sheet 5.

(No Model.)

Patented Jan. l5, l90l.

RE mm R m M S NGJ m mm mww w Hp c 1 No. 666MB.

8 Sheets-Shoat 1.

[Nu Model.)

l/WIHIIFI llnirnn S'ramns GEORGE C. BLICKENSDERFER, OF STAMFORD,CONNECTICUT.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming "part of Letters Iatent No. 666,176, dated January15, 1901.

Application filed January 3, 1900- Serial No. 208. \No model.)

To a, whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE C. BLICKENS- DERFER, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Stamford, in the county of Fail-field and State ofConnecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Type-Writing Machines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full,clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use thesame.

My invention relates to certain new and useful improvements intype-writing machines, and particularly to that class known ascipher-machines.

The class of machines referred to are designed to transcribe anintelligent message into an unintelligible and confused message whichrequires subsequent translation, and they have therefore been soconstructed that the type-selecting devices will arbitrarily selectprinting characters different from the successive characters of themessage designed to be transmitted, thus producing, as stated, anunintelligible message, requiring translation after receipt through themedium of a key agreed upon between the sender and the receiver of themessage. In all machines of this character with which I am familiar therelation between the type-selecting device and the printing devicesissuch that the frequency or recurrence of given characters in theprinted message constitutes in itself a key by which the message may betranslated. This result is due to the fact that there being a fixedrelation between the type-selecting devices and the printing devicessuch relation can by care ful study be worked out or determined throughthe relation and frequency of given characters.

My invention has for its object to produce a machine which shall becapable of converting an intelligible message into an unintelligible onewhich shall not involve the frequency or recurrence of charactersreferred to and which will also readily translate such message back tothe original; and with these ends in view my invention consists of a machine provided with a type-wheel having printing characters thereon anddevices for selecting characters upon the wheel and bringing them intoprinting position, and also devices intermediate of the type-wheel andthe type-selecting devices and independent of the latter forautomatically and irregularly changing the relation between thetype-wheel and type-selecting devices.

In order that those skilled in the art to which my invention appertainsmay know how to make and use the same, I will proceed to describe theconstruction and operation of my improved machine, referring by lettersand figures to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is aperspective view of the machine from the left side; Fig. 2, an elevationof the same from the right side; Fig. 3, a plan view of the head of themachine, the ink-roll holder being swung out of place to permit puttingon or taking off of the type-wheel; Fig. 4, a view of the under side ofthe base of the machine, showing a means for adjusting the springs whichcontrol the feed and the vertical movement of the printing mechanism;Fig. 5, a front elevation of the head of the machine, the dial beingremoved. Fig. 6 is a vertical section on line A A of Fig. 5, showing thesliding type-wheel support and mechanism for controlling the movement ofthe type-wheel (but with the inking apparatus and disk stop mechanismremoved) when the parts are in position to cause the printing of thealphabet or letters. Fig. 7 is asimilar view on same line with thetype-wheel shaft pushed to the rear, so that the numerals and othercharacters may be printed; Fig. 8, a front elevation of the head of thema chine, all parts being removed except themainspringratchet-wheelandthemainspringwinding pawl andescapement-releasing pawl; Fig. 9, a similar view showing these partswhen the slide has descended to print; Fig. 10, a like view of the slidein the same position, but showing the mainspring-winding pawl in itsposition when the tension of the former has become greater than that ofthe pawl-lever spring and showing the escapement-releasing pawl whenheld in its operative position; Fig. ll,,a similar View showing anotherform of mainspring-winding mechanism; Fig. 12, a rear elevation of thehead of the machine, the type-wheel being removed and the ink-frameswung to one side. Figs. 13 and 1-l are perspective views of a portionof the escapement and pin disk, showing, respectively, the position ofthe parts when the slide has descended to print and then raisedsufficiently to allow the escapement to be released; Fig. 15, a frontelevation of the escapement-carrier and mainspring-winding arbor; Fig.16, a detail section of the escapement and pin disk; Fig. 17, a rearelevation of the escapement-carrier, the spring for returning theescapement to its inoperative position being shown in dotted lines; Fig.18, a similar view showing a modification of the same with the spring onthe outside. 19 to 24 are diagrammatic views of the escapement, showingthe passage of one pin through the same; Fig. 25, a front elevation ofthe pin-disk; Fig. 26, a like view showing the pin-spring cover removedand the spring engaging the pins to hold them in place; Fig. 27, adetail perspective view of the escapement and mainspring-windingratchet-wheels disassembled; Fig. 28, a front elevation of the pointerand sprocket-stop-operating mechanism; Fig. 29, a vertical section ofthe same with the stop elevated; Fig. 30, a like view of the parts whenthe stop is in position to lock the dial and permit the slide todescend.

Similar characters denote like parts in the several figures of thedrawings.

a represents the base-plate of the machine, from which rises aboutcentrally a vertical pillar or frame b, which constitutes the support ofthe printing mechanism and inking device. This pillar is preferably castintegral with the base-plate and is bifurcated vertically, as clearlyshown in Figs. 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, and l2,and the bifurcated legs are eachformed on the inside with a vertical groove adapted to receive avertically-reciprocating plate 0, which supports and carries-theprinting-wheel and the mechanism controlling its rotative action. Thebase-plate a is formed with lugs d, which are grooved to receive thefeed-bar or baseplate e of the paper-carriage, which is 1 caused totravel by any suitable feed mechanism, but preferably such asillustrated and described in Letters Patent No. 621,742, granted to meon the 21st day of March, 1889, wherein the paper-carriage is caused totravel through the medium of a dog operated by a sliding feed-plate f,which is operated by a hand-knob g or through the medium of a bellcranklever h, pivoted to a bracket 2', secured is connected with a spiralspring l, (see Figs.

2 and 4,) the other end of which connects with an arm m,pivotallyconnected with the under side of the bed-plate to by a screw nand is adjustable through the medium of a transverse Figs.

slot in the arm m and a set-screw 0, as clearly shown at Fig. 4. Fromthis construction it. will be seen that the feed-plate f may bereciprocated toward the front of the machine by the knob g and carriedback to its normal position by the spring 1, thus feeding thepaper-carriage one space, the bell-crank lever h remaining passive, andthat likewise when the vertically-reciprocating plate 0 is caused tomove downwardly the contact of the stop j with the end of the bell-cranklever h will cause the latter to rock on its pivotal connection with thebracket 1', and the lower end contacting with the plate fat the end ofthe longitudinal slot therein will pull the plate toward the front ofthe machine a distance sufficient to cause the return movement of saidplate through the intermediate feedingdog to feed the paper-carriage adistance equal to one space.

The vertically-reciprocating plate 0 is caused to descend through themedium of a hand-lever 19 pivoted at q to metal bracket 1", secured byscrews to the bed-plate a. The extreme end of the lever p, below itspivotal point q, is formed to contact with the bedplate a, as clearlyshown at Fig. 5, and thus to limit the upward movement of the oppositefree end, which is flattened, as shown, to receive pressure by thefinger of the operator. This lever is provided at about the center ofits length with an antifriction-roller 5, adapted to contact with a foot75 at the lower end of a reciprocating plate it, lying against the plate0 and enlarged and cut away, as clearly shown at Fig. 28, to surroundthe hub '11, extending outwardly from the plate 0, and to permit of aslight reciprocating movement Withoutcontacting with said hub, for thepurpose presently explained.

The upper end of the plate to is provided or formed with a shortforwardly-projecting arm to, (see Figs. 29 and 30,) which is pivotallyconnected by a screw 00 to a vibrating detent g, which latter ispivotally connected at 2 within a central slot in the upper end of thereciprocating plate 0. (See Figs. 29 and 30.)

Just above the foot if the plate to is secured to the plate 0 by a screw1, passing through a slot 2 and into the said plate a, as clearly shownat Fig. 28. The vertical movement of the plate a independently of theplate 0 is just sufficient to bring the foot 5 in contact with theadjustable stop 3, located in a foot 4, extending from a short fiat leg5, secured to the plate 0 and between it and the plate to by the screw 1and another screw 6. (See Figs. 29 and 39.) This vertical movement ofthe plate to causes the detent y to vibrate from the position shown inFig. 29 to that occupied in Fig. 30, which causes a laterally-projectingstud 7 on the detent to move from a position over the upper edge of astop-plate 8, secured to the upper end of the vibrating plate 0, asshown at Fig. 29, to the position shown at Fig. 30, coincident with thefront face of the stop-plate 8. The movement described of the detent tothe position shown in Fig. 30 causes it to interlock with thecharacter-dial and to hold it against rotation, as will be hereinafterdescribed.

.Vhen the stud 7 is over the top edge of the stop-plate 8 thevertically-reciprocating plate 0 is locked against vertical movement,and when said stud occupies the position shown at Fig. 30 the plate 0 isfree to move downwardly, for the purpose hereinafter explained.

A secondary spring 9, (see Fig. 4,) similar to the spring Z, has one endconnected by a screw 10 to the under side of the fecdplatef and theother end to an adjustable arm similar to the arm on. and secured inlike manner to the under side of the base-plate a. The spring 10 causesthe feed-plate to return to its normal position after it has beenreciprocated by hand, and also causes it to return when it has beenforced forward by the lower end of the bell-crank lever q, as heretoforedescribed. Referring especially to Figs. 6 and 7, to describe theconstruction and operation of the printing mechanism, 12 is the shaftupon which is mounted at the rear end a type-wheel 13, iii the mannerwell known. This shaft 12 is located axially within the hub o of thevertically-reciprocating plate 0 and is lubricated through a radialoil-channel 14 in the hub -v.

A crank 15, with a cone-shaped hub 16, is secured to the shaft 12 by ascrew-pin 17 and is provided near its outer end with pin 18, adapted toenter a channel in the inner diskface of the type'wheel 13 to secure theproper fixed relation between the type-wheel and shaft. The shaft isadapted to reciprocate in the hub 11 of the plate 0, as shown at Fig. 7,in order that the inner row of characters on the periphery of thewheelmay be brought into proper position to print upon the paper on thepaper-carriage, but is held against reciprocation when the other row ofcharacters is in use by a lock-plate 19, (see Fig. 12,) pivoted at itslower end by a screw 20 to the pillar or post Z) of the machine. Theplate 19 is formed with a lip 21, (see Fig. 3,) which embraces theannular shoulder of the coneshaped hub 16 of the crank 15, and with athumb-piece by which it is vibrated upon its pivot 20, the vibrationbeing limited by a screw :3, passing through a slotv 24 and threadedinto the pillar b. A coil-spring 25, having one end attached to theplate 19 and its other end to a stud 26, returns the plate to its normalposition, and the outer edge of the lip 21 is slightly beveled orrounded, as shown at Fig. 3, so that when the type-wheel shaft 12 isreturned automatically to its normal position, as shown at Fig. 6, theconeface of the hub 16 will force the lip back in an obvious manner, andit will then returnand lock the shaft against lougit udinal movementuntil the plate 19 is again vibrated.

I will now proceed to describe the mechanism supported upon the shaft 12on the opposite or front side of the reciprocating plate 0.

At Fig. 27 I have shown in perspective the several parts constitutingthe escapement and inainspring-winding ratchet-wheels, and specialreference is made to this figure and also to Figs. 6 and 7.

27 is the mainspri ng-windingratchet-wheel, which is formed or providedwith a hub or tubular shaft 28.

29 is a ratchet-wheel secured by rivets or pins 30 to a disk 31, formedwith a radial extension gear 32, adapted to mesh with a piuion 33, fixedon the end of the escapementshaft 34. The radial extension 32 of thedisk 31 is provided with a pinion 35, adapted to enter and vibratewithin an arc-shaped slot 36 in a plate 37 of the shape shown andprovided near its reduced or small end with a hollow hub 38 and anextension-arm 39, adapted to enter a slot and to establish a fixed relation with the dial, hereinafter referred to.

40 is the escapement-disk, provided with a radial dog 41 on its face atone side of the center.

42 is a dog pivoted to the face of the escapement-carrier plate 37, and43 is a spring secured at one end to said plate by a screw 44, the freeend of the said spring bearing against the outside face of the dog 42 tohold it in contact with the ratchet-wheel 45, formed with a tubular hub46, on which is located a disk-plate 47, which constitutes a cover orface-plate to the inainspring-box presently ex plained.

48 is a feather secured on the interior of the hub 46 of theratchet-wheel by a pin 49, which projects slightly beyond the outside ofthe h u band is beveled, as shown, to catch and hold one end of themainspring presently described. The ratchet-wheel 29 and disk 31 are cutout centrally, as most clearly shown at Fig. 27, the opening in theformer being of a diameter sufficient to receive the tubular hub 50(shown in dotted lines) and the opening in the disk 31 being slightlylarger in diameter, so as to leave an annular space around the hub 50 asa housing for a spring 51, the free ends of which are bent outwardly, asclearly shown, so that one end may enter a hole 52 in the plate 37 andthe other end may enter a similar hole in the face of the ratchet-wheel29, which spring operates to return the disk to its normal positionafter it has been partially rotated by a pawl operating upon theratchet-wheel 29 to operate the cscapen'tent, as will be more fullyexplained.

In assembling the several parts shown at Fig.2? the ratchet-wheel27,ratchetwheel and disk 29 3.1., plate 37, ratchet-wheel 45, anddisk-plate 47 are all placed upon the main shaft 12 in the relationshown in Figs. 6 and 7 and the pin to passed through the hub 46, andtubular shaft 28 holds them in proper relation. The escapemcnt-shaft 34is then passed through the hub 38 of the plate 37,

and the escapementdisk 40 is secured on the its end of said shaft by apin 52. The escapement-shaft projects beyond the escapementdisk 40 adistance equal to the thickness of the tooth 41 and is formed with anescapement-notch 53.

54 is what 1 denominate a pin-disk provided with a ring-cover 55, thetwo secured together by screws 56. The disk has an annular flange 57 anda concentric annular wall 58, (see Fig. 26,) constituting an annular boxthrough which pass a series of pins 60, having circumferential grooves(shown at Figs. 2, 3, 6, and 7) into which a sinuous spring 61 finds itsway to hold the pins in either of the positions shown at Figs. 2 and 3.The pindisk 54 is adapted to pass onto the main shaft 12 and is formedwith a hub 62 on the outer face and a circular mainspring box or housing63 on the opposite face, (see Fig. 16,) which has an interiorlyprojecting and beveled stud 64, similar to thestud 49 on the hub ofratchet-wheel 45, to receive one end of the mainspring 65. The studs 49and 64 are beveled in reverse directions and the two ends of themainspring 65 are formed with slots to receive the studs 49 and 64, andthey naturally seek their positions over said slots in an obviousmanner, and consequently when the ratchet-wheel is rotated, and with itthe hub 48, the mainspring 65 is wound up and is held by the spring dogor pawl 42 interlocking with the ratchet wheel 45, and hence its poweris exerted to rotate the pindisk 54. The mainspring is thus Wound ateach descent of the vertically-reciprocating plate by a pawl 66, pivotedto the end of a C-shaped lever 67, vibratively connected at 68 to thevertical pillar or post b, interlocking with the ratchet-wheel 27, andas the wheel descends with the plate 0, the pawl-lever 68 beingconnected with the pillar b, the pawl necessarily pulls upon theratchet-wheel and rotates the same. The pawl 66 is held in operativeposition by a spring (shown in dotted lines at Figs. 8, 9, 10, and 11)and extending from a stud on the lever 67 to the heel of the pawl. Thepawl-lever 67 is extended beyond the pivot 68 and is formed with a fiatarm 69, bearing against the lower end of a spring piston or bolt 7 0,located in a suitable box 71, formed with the pillar b, as clearly shownat Figs. 8, 9, and 10, or extended and its end connected by a spiralspring 72 to the baseplate CL by an adjustable eyebolt 73, as shown atFig. 11. Thus when the mainspring offers a resistance greater than thespring-bolt 70 or spiral spring 72 the lever 67 will be vibrated uponits pivot 68 against the springbolt 70 (or coil-spring 72) as the plate0 descends and will travel with it, and consequently the dog 66 will notoperate to revolve the ratchet-wheel 27, and therefore the main springcannot be overwound. The upward movement of the lever 67 with thespring-dog is limited by a suitable stop 74, secured in the pillar orpost I).

75 is a vibratory dog-plate pivoted at 76 to the pillar b and formedwith a hand lever or key 77 by which it may be vibrated, and itsvibration is limited by a stud 78, as clearly shown at Figs. 8, 9, and10. This dog is held in a vertical plane by a coil-spring 79, c011-necting the dog with a stud on the pillar b, and as the plate 0 and themechanism mounted upon the shaft 12 descend the upper curved edge of thedog striking the ratchetteeth on the ratchet-wheel 29,'secured to theescapement-carrier plate 31, will be forced outwardly against the actionof the coilspring 79; but when the-plate c and shaft 12,

with the mechanism mounted thereon, ascend the dog will grasp aratchet-tooth on the wheel 29 and turn it a distance proportioned to thevertical movement of the plate 0, and hence the disk 31 will beaccordingly rocked or rofated upon the tubular shaft or hub 28 and theradial extension-gear 32, meshing with the escapement-pinion 33 on theescapementshaft 34, the pinion 33 and its shaft will be correspondinglyrotated, and with them the escapement-disk 40, thus releasing the pin 60of the pin-disk 54, held against the periphery of the escapement-shaftand between it and the heel of the dog 41 in the position shown, Figs.13 and 19, allowing the pin-disk under the action of the mainspring torotate until the next succeeding one of the pins 60 reaches the positionoccupied by the preceding one before its releasement. The continuedrotative movement of the pin-disk 54 is arrested and the relation of theparts shown in Figs. 13 and 19 is effected bythe reversal of therotative or rocking movement of the extension-gear 32, which is producedby the restoring action of the spring 51. (See Fig. 27.) As the pin-disk54 is rotated by the release successively at each vertical reciprocationof the plate 0, the type-wheel is progressively rotated with its shaft,and the distance it is rotated will depend altogether upon the distancebetween the pins projecting from that side of the pin-disk adjacent tothe escapement devices, and as the dial hereinafter referred to remainsstationary during this movement of the pin-disk and type-wheel therelation between the dial and the characters thereon and the charactersupon the type-wheel is necessarily and automatically changed, and hencein the use of the dial-plate as a typeselecting device it will beimpossible to know what character will be printed by the typewheel, aswill be hereinafter more fully explained.

I desire to have the escapement fully understood, and in Figs. 19 to 24,which are diagrammatic views, the passage of one of the pins 60 of thepin-disk may be readily traced, and in these figures I will designateonly one pin 60, to whose movement attention is directed. Fig. 19 showsthe parts at a state of rest and making a fixed relation between thetype wheel and the type selecting dial (presently explained) and withthe pin 60 between the periphery of the escapement-shaft IIO 34 and theheel of the dog il. The plate cis reciprocaicd vertically and carryingwith it the devices heretofore described, the ratchet- Wheel 29 passesfreely downward in the path of the spring-dog plate 75, and as the plate0 ascends after the typewheel has made its in1 pression upon the paperon the paper -carriage the lip of the dog 75 meshes with'one of theteeth of the ratchet-wheel 29 and rotates it a distance commei'isuratewith the upward movement of the plate 0, and accordingly the extensionor radial gear 32 rocks the pinion 33 and escapementshaft 34, ashereinbefore stated. As the escapement-shaft rocks or rotates into theposition shown at Fig. 20 the pin of the pin-disk, which occupied thelocked position between the periphery of the escapementshaft and theheel of the dog, as illustrated at Fig. 19, starts into the notch 53 ofthe shaft 3% and meets and is arrested by the face of notch when theescapement reaches the position illustrated at Fig. 21. This extrememovement of the escapement is accomplished just as the ratchet-wheel 29and dog-plate become disengaged, as shown at Fig. 14, and by the timethe carrying-plate c has completed its upward movement the spring 51(see Fig. 27) causes the ratchetwheel 29 and extension-gear 32 to startand return to their normal position, and consequently the rotativemovement of the escapeinent-shaft and dog has been reversed, asrepresented, Figs. 22 and 23, and the pin 60 of the pin-disk, which wasin the notch 53, as shown at Fig. 21, has been permitted to travel inits progressive movement first to the position shown at Fig. 22 and thento escape from contact with the face of the notch 53 to the localityshown at Fig. 23,the eseapement making a slight reverse movement, andallowing the next succeeding pin to pass over the curved face of the dog11, as shown at Fig. 24, to assume the locked position similar to thatshown at the start, Fig. 19, of the designated pin 60.

As the pins 60 are successively released in the manner just explainedthe mainspring 65 causes the pin-disk to rotate to the right, asindicated by the arrow in Fig. 5, and as the pin-disk is interlockedwith the arm 81, projecting from a crank-arm 82, extending radially fromthe hub 83, which is secured in fixed relation with the type-wheel shaft12 by a pin 84, it is obvious that the type-wheel shaft and thetype-wheel are rotated to the same extent as the pin-disk 54:.

The hub 83 is located within a cylindrical recess ofastem 8%, (see Figs.6 and 7,) to which the dial-plate 85 is rigidly attached by screws 86,and the stem 83 is furnished with an operating-knob 87.

The type-wheel shaft is rotatively connected with the stem 83 by a screw88 and washer 89.

The face of the dial-plate 85 is provided with characters correspondingwith the charactors on the type-wheel, as clearly shown at Fig. 1, andthe periphery of the pin-disk 54 is provided with characterscorresponding with the main characters of the type-wheel and also thoseof the dial-plate. The inside face of the dial-plate has secured theretoa pointer (see Fig. 12) leading to the charao ters on the periphery ofthe pin-disk, so that the pin-disk can be rotated by the reciprocatingmovement of the plate 0, so as to bring any desired character on itsperiphery opposite or in line with the pointer 90 for the purposehereinafter explained.

As the extensionearm 39, projecting from the plate 37, interlocks with acorresponding hole in the dial-plate 85, as clearly shown at Figs. 6 and'7, and as the stem 83 and knob 87 are fixed to the type-wheel shaft andthe arm 81 of the crank 82 interlocks with the pin-disk in a similarmanner to the arm 39 it will be seen that the type-wheel shaft and allthe parts mounted thereon can be freely rotated by the knob 87 when theplate 0, in

which the shaft is journaled, is in its elevated and normal position.The periphery of the dial-plate is formed with a series of notches 91 inthe same radial planes with the characters on the face of the plate, andeach side of these notches the plate is beveled to constitute points 92.The notches 91 are adapted to receive and pocket the lower edge of thevibrating detent or lock-bar y, the beveled sides of the points orprojections 92 serving to guide the detentinto the pooketsor notches 91in an obvious manner. From this construction and operation it will beseen that in printing any given matter the dial is rotated so as tobring the successive letters and characters of the said message in linewith the detenty, and at the same time the type-wheel shaft andtype-wheel,as well as all the mechanism mounted on the type-wheel shaft,are correspondingly rotated. Pressure is then applied to the' operatinghand-lever p, which first brings the detent y into the notch in linewith the character of the message which is to be printed (or, rather,which is to be printed in another character) and holds all of therotative parts in fixed relation with each other untiltheimpression hasbeen made upon the paper on the paper-carriage, which had been broughtinto printing position by the rotation of the dial plate After theimpression has thus been made the leverp is released and the spring 9pulls the feed-plate f hack and the heltcrank lever being rocked on itspivot through the medium of spring 9, and spring Z in an obvious mannerraises the carrying-plate c and the mechanism mounted therein upwardlyto its normal position, which movement causes the winding of themainspring and the rotation of the escapemeut shaft and consequentmovement of the pin-disk, as hereinbefore explained.

The distance the pin-disk rotates as a result of the escapemeutmovementwill depend entirely upon the position of the pins 60, and asthey are free to be moved so as to project through either face of thedisk it will be seen that an arbitrary code may be established, becausethe characters printed by the typewheel will be absolutely dependentupon the amount of escapement or rotation made by the pin-disk aftereach impression has been made by the type-wheel. The code therefore isestablished by a determination as to two conditions: first, the relationof the pins 60, projecting from the inside face of the pindisk 54, and,second, the relation between said pin-disk and the dial-plate 85. Thefirst condition is established by the relation of the pins 60 to thecharacters on the periphery of the pin-disk and the second condition bythe relation of the characters on the pin-disk with the stationarypointer on the dial-plate 85, all of which can be agreed upon beforehandbetween the sender and the receiver of messages. From the relations ofthe several parts and the irregular progressive action of the type-wheelit will be seen that as the dialplate is rotated to bring the successiveletters or characters of the message to be printed into alinement withthe detent or latch y the characters printed upon the paper on thepaper-carriage will depend altogether upon the amount or extent of theescapement given to the pin-disk 54, as hereinbefore described. When themessage has been printed, it will be found to be a continuous row orline of letters and characters, apparently meaningless; but to translatesaid message it is placed between slides or clasps 93 on the scale-bar94, held on the ends of arms 95, secured to the bell-bar of thepaper-carriage 96, and the paper-carriage is adjusted so that thepointer 97 on the ink-roller frame 98 will point to the first letter orcharacter of the printed message. The pin-disk is then rotated by thereciprocation of the plate 0 until the same letter or character isbrought opposite or in line with the pointer 90, which occupied suchrelation or position when the printing of the original message wasbegun, (such letter or character constituting the key and being known toboth the sender and receiver of the message.) The dial-plate 85 is thenrotated to bring the letter or character on its face corresponding withthe letter of the message, and pressure is applied to the leverp,whereupon the type-wheel will print the translation of the first letterof the message'or reproduce the first letter of the original, and so onwith each successive letter of the code message. Any code agreed uponmay be changed by altering the relations of the parts, as hereinbeforedescribed.

It will be seen that the dial-plate is provided with two concentric rowsof characters corresponding with the two rows of characters on thetypewheel, and the type-wheel is shifted to print from the inner circleof characters on the dial-plate by pushing the shaft 12 rearward, whichcan be done when the lip 21 on the vibrating plate 19 is withdrawn fromthe annular shoulder of the cone-shaped hub 16, as hereinbefore fullydescribed.

When it is desired to print repeat-ively any character on thetypewvheel, the dog-plate 75 is vibrated away from the path of theratchetwheel 29,and consequently said ratchet-wheel will not be rotatedduring the upward movement of the plate 0. In order to avoid thenecessity of holding the dog-plate in this position by hand, thedog-plate is provided with an oblique or inclined arm 99, (see Fig. 12,)terminating in a finger-plate 100. The inner edge of this oblique arm isformed with a notch (shown in dotted lines at Fig. 12) to receive thelower edge of a forwardly-extended arm 101 on a thumb-plate 102, pivotedat 103 to the pillar b and connected by a spiral spring 104: with a stud105. When the plate 102 is raised against the action of spring 104, theforwardly -extended arm 101, bearing against the inclined edge of thearm 99 of the dog-plate '75, will cause the latter to vibrate on itspivot away from the path of the ratchetwheel 29, and when the arm 101reaches the notch in the edge of the dog-plate arm 99 it will interlocktherewith and hold the dogplate until it is released by vibrating thelock-plate away from the pillar b, whereupon the spring 104 will pullthe locking-arm and its plate down until it is arrested inits movementby the contact of the arm 101 with the pillar or frame I).

The inking-roller frame 98 is secured in position to the top of thepillar b or frame through medium of a headless screw 106, constituting apivot passing through one end, a lateral horizontal extension of theframe 98, the oppositely-extended portion of the frame being formed witha gateway 107 (see Fig. 1) to pass the body of a bindingscrew 108. Whenthe binding-screw 108 is loosened, the inking-frame may be vibrated uponthe headless screw 106, so that it will be out of the way when it may bedesirable to remove the type-wheel from its shaft, and when it may bedesirable to disengage the inking devices entirely from the machine theframe may, after first vibrating it from under the bindingscrew, belifted bodily off of the headless pivot-screw 106.

'While I have shown and described a machine which is specially adaptedto carry out the purposes of my invention, it will be understood that itmay be varied in many particulars without departing from the spirit ofmy invention, whichinvolves the generic idea of a machine adapted towrite in cipher and to translate the same and in which is employed atype-wheel and means for rotating or positioning the same to bring thevarious characters thereon into printing position and means independentof the character-positioning device for automatically changing therelative position between the type-wheel and the positioning device.

Having described the construction, operation, and advantages of myimprovements, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by LettersPatent, is-

1. In a type-writing machine for writing in cipher, a type-wheelprovided with individual type characters, a type-dial, havingcorresponding type characters, means intermediate of the type-wheel andthe type-dial for causing the type wheel and dial to move coincidentlyand means for automatically changing the relative positions of thetypewheel and type-dial, substantially as and for the purposes setforth.

2. In a typewriting machine for writing in cipher, a typewheel providedwith type characters, a type-selectingdial or disk provided withcharacters similar to the type-wheel, means for establishing coincidentmovement between the type-selecting dial and the typewheel previous toprinting, and means for antomatically changing the relation between thetype-wheel and the type-selecting dial or disk after the impression hasbeen made by the type-wheel, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.

3. In a type-writing machine for writingin cipher, a type-wheel, atype-dial for positioning the characters of the type-wheel, and meansfor automatically changing the relation between the type-wheel and thetypedial, all mounted upon a single shaft, adapted for vertical movementWithin a supporting pillar or post, means for holding the typewheel andtype-dial in fixed relation during the vertical printing movement of thetypewheel, and means for automatically changing the relation between thetype-wheel and typedial, during the upward or return movement of theshaft, substantially as set forth.

a. In a type-Writing machine for Writing in cipher, a type-wheelprovided with individ ual type characters, a type dial or indicatorhaving type characters corresponding with those upon the type-Wheel,means intermediate of the type-wheel and the type dial or indicator forcausing the type-wheel and dial or indicator to move coiucidently, andmeans for automatically changing the relative positions of thetype-Wheel and dial or indicator substantially as and for the purposeset forth.

5. In a type-writing machine for Writing in cipher, a type-wheel mountedupon a rotative shaft and having type characters disposed upon itsperiphery, a type-positioning device mounted upon the type-wheel shaft,means for changing the relation between the type wheel and positioningdevices consisting of a springactuated disk fixed in relation to thetype-wheel shaft and provided with a series of adjustable projectingstuds, and a springactuated escapement mechanism rotatively mounted uponthe type-wheel shaft, and having a fixed relation with thetype-positioning device, substantially as and for the purposes setforth.

6. In a type-writing machine for Writing in cipher, a supporting-bet'lwith a bifurcated pillar orpost erected thereon, avertically-reciprocating plate mounted in the pillar or post, atype-wheel shaft rotatively mounted in the reciprocating plate, atype-wheel, typepositioning devices and spring actuated means forchanging the relation between the type wheel and type positioning,devices, mounted upon the type-wheel shaft, means for reciprocating theshaft-supporting plate and also the springactuated devices for changingthe relation between the type-Wheel and type-positioning devices,substantially as hereinbefore set forth.

'7. In a type-writing machine for writing in cipher, the bed a, pillarl), and reciprocating plate 0, in combination with the shaft 12,type-wheel 13, ratchet-wheel 27, ratchet-wheel 29, disk 31, gear 32,pinion 33, escapementshaft 34, plate 37, having hub 38, andextension-arm 39; escapement-disk 40, dog 42, spring 413, spring 51,ratchetwheel 15, spring 65, disk 54, with movable studs 60, arms 81,crank 82, hub 83, stem 84, dial 85, all combined and arranged asdescribed, and the opcratinglever p, pawl 66, dog-plate 75 and detent31, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

8. In combination with the mainspring 65, ratchet-Wheel 27, and pawl 66,the vibrating lever 67, formed with an arm 69, and the spring-bolt 70,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

9. In combination with the ratchet-Wheel 29, disk 31, having gearextension 32, the plate 37, having arm 39, interlocking with the dial85, the pinion 33, on the shaft 3 1, and

formed with the recess 53, the escapementw disk 10, having dog 41, andthe spring-actuated pin-disk 54, provided with adjustable pins 60,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

10. The disk 54, provided with a series of circumferentially-disposedpins, 60, having circumferential grooves, in combination with a singlespring 61, sinuously laced as shown, whereby the pins may be adjusted,and held in position, as and for the purpose set forth.

11. In combination with the-reciprocating plate carrying the printingmechanism and type positioning and changing mechanism, theoperatiug-leverp, vibrating detenty, having a stud 7, and a stop-plate8, secured to the plate 0, substantially as and for the purpose setforth.

12. In combination with the ratchet-wheel 29, and spring dog-plate 75,for operating the same, the thumb-plate 102, vibratively connected withthe pillar b, and provided with an arm 101, adapted to interlock with anotch in the dog-plate 75, to hold the latter out of the path of theratchet-wheel 29, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

13. In combination with the axially-reciprocating type-wheel shaft 12,and the typewheel 13 having two circumferential rows of type characters,the crank 15', hub 16, and the vibrating spring-plate 19, provided witha lip 21, and operating thumb-piece 22, substantially as and for thepurpose set forth.

1 1. In combination with the bed-plate a,

pillar b, reciprocating plate a, and mechanism for lowering the plate 0,the bell-crank lever h, and coil-spring i, substantially as and for thepurpose set forth.

15. In combination with the rotative dialplate 85, mounted upon thetype-wheel shaft 12, and provided with a pointer 90, the pindisk 54,provided with adjustable pins 60, and circumferential typecharacters,substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

16. The ink-roller frame 98 having its head formed with a gateway 107,and secured in position by a headless screw 106, and a binding-screw 108substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

17. In combination with the paper-carriage 96, carrying a scale-bar 94,and messageclamps 93, the ink-roller frame 98, provided with a fixedpointer 97, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

GEO. O. BLIOKENSDERFER.

Witnesses:

JOHN DAVENPORT, JOHN A. LE BOUTILLIER.

